What financial concept entails a central bank buying securities?

• A. Fiscal stimulus
• B. Quantitative easing
• C. Deflationary policy
• D. Market regulation

Answer: (B)

The concept of quantitative easing refers to the practice in which a central bank purchases securities to increase the money supply and encourage lending and investment. This method is typically utilized during periods of economic downturn or stagnation when conventional monetary policy measures, like lowering interest rates, have become less effective.

By buying securities, the central bank injects liquidity into the financial system, which lowers interest rates and makes borrowing more attractive for businesses and consumers. This increased access to capital can stimulate economic activity, leading to growth and sometimes aiming to raise inflation to a more desirable level when it has fallen too low.

In contrast, fiscal stimulus usually refers to government spending and tax policies designed to influence economic activity, which is distinct from the central banking operations of quantitative easing. Deflationary policy is aimed at reducing inflation, which would be contrary to the objectives of quantitative easing. Market regulation involves overseeing and controlling the operations of financial markets but does not include the direct purchase of securities by a central bank as a monetary policy tool.

Thus, the correct answer clearly aligns with the central bank's strategy of using quantitative easing to enhance economic stability and growth through purchasing securities.